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Trichogramma
''Trichogramma'' are minute polyphagous wasps that are endoparasitoids of insect eggs. ''Trichogramma'' is one of around 80 genera from the family Trichogrammatidae, with over 200 species worldwide.〔Consoli FL, Parra JRP, Zucchi RA (2010) 'Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma.' (Springer).〕〔Knutson A (2005) 'The ''Trichogramma'' Manual: A guide to the use of ''Trichogramma'' for Biological Control with Special Reference to Augmentative Releases for Control of Bollworm and Budworm in Cotton.' (Texas Agricultural Extension Service).〕
Although there are several groups of egg parasitoids commonly employed for biological control throughout the world, ''Trichogramma'' have been the most extensively studied.〔Upadhyay RK, Mukerji KG, Chamola BP (2001) 'Biocontrol potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture: Insect Pests.' (Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers).〕 There have been more than a thousand papers published on ''Trichogramma'' and they are the most used biological control agents in the world.〔Knutson A (2005) 'The Trichogramma Manual: A guide to the use of Trichogramma for Biological Control with Special Reference to Augmentative Releases for Control of bollworm and Budworm in Cotton.' (Texas Agricultural Extension Service).〕 Trichogramma are unique to the size limit of how small an insect can be, which would be determined by how few neurons they can fit in their central nervous system, yet exhibit a complex behavior to sustain their life. Trichogramma have less than 10,000 neurons, which is a hundred times fewer than the next smallest insect.〔(Macademia Nut Plantation, Trichogramma )〕
== Parasitism ==
To locate host eggs, adult females use chemical and visual signals, such as egg shape and colour.〔 After she finds a suitable egg, an experienced female will attempt to determine if the egg has previously been parasitized using using her ovipositor and antennal drumming (tapping on the egg surface). Females also use antennal drumming to determine the size and quality of the target egg, which determines the number of eggs the female will insert. A single female can parasitize one to ten host eggs a day.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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